Sir James Henry Craig, officer, colonial administrator (b at Gibraltar 1748; d at London, Eng 12 Jan 1812). Governor general of the Canadas and administrator of LOWER CANADA from 1807 to 1811, Craig tried to influence the elections of 1809 and 1810, imprisoning without trial leaders of the Parti canadien in March 1810 in what has been called a "reign of terror." Craig, his senior administrators and leading British merchants advocated a variety of ways to eradicate what they viewed as the menaces of democracy and FRENCH CANADIAN NATIONALISM, suggesting union of the Canadas and creation of English counties in the Townships or replacing the Assembly by a primarily British and aristocratic council, abolishing the seigneurial regime, and encouraging immigration from Great Britain and the US, church submission to royal prerogative and control of education. Thus they heightened French Canadian nationalism. Under the threat of war between England and the US, Craig strengthened ties with the natives and reinforced the fortifications of Québec City and the surrounding district.
 Craig, Sir James HenryCraig was governor general of Canada 1807-1811 (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-24888).
Author
JEAN-PIERRE WALLOT
Links to Other Sites
Lower Canada
This overview of the political history of Lower Canada is part of the "Canadian Confederation" website at Library and Archives Canada. Also features historical maps.
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